Typically, electric power transmission is the process of transmitting electricity between a power-generating plant and a substation near a populated area. This process is distinct from that of electricity distribution (the delivery of electric power from the substation to the consumer). Due to the large amount of power involved, transmission normally takes place at high voltage and is usually transmitted over long distances through overhead power transmission lines. Underground power transmission is used only in densely populated areas (such as large cities) mainly due to the increased costs of installation and maintenance.
A power transmission system (network) is sometimes referred to as a grid; however, for reasons of economy, the network is rarely a true grid. Redundant paths and electric lines are provided so that power can be routed from any power plant to any load center (usually substations) through a variety of routes, based on the economics of the transmission path and the cost of power. Thus, a grid is simply the interconnection of facilities (power stations, transmission circuits, and substations) that provides whatever electric power redundancy is available. Engineers design transmission networks to transport the electrical energy as efficiently as possible, while taking into account economic factors, network safety, and redundancy. These networks use such components as power lines, cables, circuit breakers, switches, and transformers.
Power Distributors and Dispatchers distribute and regulate the flow of power between the various entities in the network (the generating stations, substations, distribution lines, and end users), keeping track of the status of all circuits and connections. They anticipate power needs, such as those caused by changes in the weather, and communicate with power plant operators in their control rooms to start or stop boilers and generators in order to bring electric power production into balance with those requirements.
They handle emergencies, such as transformer or transmission line failures, and route electric current around affected areas. They coordinate with engineers, planners, field personnel, and other utility workers to provide information such as clearances, switching orders, and distribution process changes. In substations, they also operate and monitor equipment that increases or decreases voltage, and they operate switchboard levers to control the flow of electricity in and out of the substations.
They inspect machinery or equipment to determine adjustments or repairs needed, as well as monitor them to detect problems. They compute production, construction, or installation specifications and prepare safety reports, as well as maintain all equipment service records and production work records. They may direct and coordinate activities of workers or staff in this process and in the repair, maintenance, and cleaning of equipment and machinery. Power Distributors and Dispatchers usually report to senior supervisors of utility companies.
According to the U.S. Department of Labor median annual salaries of Power Distributors and Dispatchers were US Dollars 57,330 in May 2004. The middle 50 percent earned between US Dollars 48,010 and US Dollars 69,100. The lowest 10 percent earned less than US Dollars 38,220, and the highest 10 percent received more than US Dollars 83,030.
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