Regulation of growth and flowering of roses through the use of plant growth regulating chemicals is a fascinating and interesting subject to study. These chemicals have been successfully used in roses mainly for seed germination, vegetative propagation, control of growth and flowering, retardation of flower senescence and prolonging the vase life of cut flowers.
Auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acids and ethylene play vital role in the regulatory process of growth and development of plants.
Apart from these a wide range of plant growth regulating chemicals has been synthesized which display diversity of effects on plant when used in minute quantities. These chemicals are readily absorbed and rapidly move through the plant tissues and find extensive use for modifying the development process of plants. Several growth-regulating chemicals were employed in roses over the years with success and most satisfying results.
Among the most commonly used plant growth regulators in roses are Indole Acetic Acids, Indole Butyric Acid, Naphthalene Acetic Acid, which are generally employed for rooting of cuttings and tissue culture, 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid for tissue culture; Benzyl Adenine is used for tissue culture, as well as for encouraging lateral branching and inhibition of flower senescence. Gibberellic Acid is widely used for seed germination, flowering, promoting vegetative growth and inhibition of flower senescence.
Growth regulating chemicals are also used for retardation of growth, dwarfing and flower initiation, growth inhibition; growth control; flower production and promotion of lateral branching and promotion of vase life of cut flowers.
If properly planned, growth regulator can bring in very quick, rapid and distinctive changes in the target plants, and show appreciable improvement with high commercial and aesthetic value; which no other technology can offer in such a short span of time.
However, there is need of continuous search for new growth regulators and cost effective technology for modifying the effect of unfavourable environmental conditions, increasing the resistance against pests and diseases, manipulating flowering and improving the post harvest life' and quality of cut flower of roses, without neglecting the environmental safety. Very little is known about the regulation of expression of genes involved in petal senescence. An intriguing possibility is that ethylene is involved.
Tissue-specific or hormone regulated genes may lead to modification of senescence process through genetic engineering. In most of the cases seed germination in roses is not an easy task. The rose seeds are known as "achene", mostly remain dormant when mature and require after ripening. Moreover, in many species and varieties the pericarp is very hard and bony.
The presence of abscicic acid in both pericarp and testa, of the achene playa vital role in dormancy. The chemical, which inhibits the germination of seeds, can be removed by chemical means.
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1. Growing roses requires good soil preparation
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