A web address is also called a URL or Uniform Resource Locator. Every web page has a unique URL that can be broken into three parts: the protocol, the domain name, and the file path. While in the early days many pronounced this "earl," the common pronunciation is to spell it out "u-r-1."
Domain names can tell you who the entity is, what kind of entity (company, individual, government) and sometimes what country they are from. The letters before the " : / / " describe the way a browser can get to the resource. The "http : / /" stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, which is the way the Web moves data around. Following the colon are two slashes (always forward slashes, never backward slashes).
Some addresses may start out with https : / / or ftp: / / -these are just different types of connections, called protocols, to computers on the Web. At the end of the domain name - after the . (or "dot") - is a two- or three-letter abbreviation that indicates the top-level domain. This part of the domain tells you the kind of organization the website you are looking at is, or the country where the host server is located.
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is a set of special codes referred to as "tags," which instruct a web browser how to display a hypertext document. It is like a collection of styles that define the different parts of a web page. All HTML documents are written in plain text (ASCII) format, making them universally readable by different web browsers running on different computer platforms.
HTML tags consist of a left angle bracket (< or "less than" symbol) followed by the name of the tag and closed by a right angle bracket (> or "greater than" symbol). Most tags are paired, with a beginning (or open) and an ending (or close) tag. You can see the HTML coding on your browser by clicking on "View," then "Source." HTML coding is what makes the Internet easily readable to crawlers, but HTML has many weaknesses. So the creative minds behind the Internet have been looking to a newer language to help move the Internet into its next phase. It is called XML.
As Internet expert John December explains, XML (extensible Markup Language) is a method for defining structure in documents. The philosophy behind XML is that the information (text, images, etc.) of a document can be identified through a set of rules. With these rules, a variety of software applications (like browsers) can interpret, display, or process data in documents. XML, similar to HTML, was created to specifically address the issue of writing documents for the Web. As in HTML, XML authors use elements bracketed by open and close tags. Unlike HTML, XML does not limit you to a fixed set of elements and entities, giving you much more flexibility and allowing the documents to include context and have structural relationships in your documents. XML is the next big language.
Using XML, you will be able to define your own elements, which allows you to create a logical structure in documents. So instead of being locked in by HTML coding, you can add elements (like an image or a person) to help define structures that are in complex relationship. This flexibility will ultimately help organize web pages and how they relate to one another.
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