Medical Articles
Clinical evaluation in humans - ...e second phase, we concentrated on the isolation of GHS-R related sequences from lower vertebrates. Interestingly, GHS-R related sequences were indeed...
Regulation of synthesis and secretion - ...P receptor in several animal species including man. In spite of the efficacy and relative specificity of GHRPs for the stimulation of GH release, and ...
Positive effect on human adenoma cells - ...er preliminary report. The effect observed on ACTH release was actually greater than that seen after CRH stimulation on cells derived from the same ad...
Neurones are neuroendocrine cells - ...ne cells (e.g. the tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurones) and many non-neuroendocrine cells. Thus, it was first necessary to determine whether the cell...
Acute effects on feeding behaviour - ...trations which are higher than in the peripheral circulation it is not clear whether the arcuate NPY cells are true neurosecretory adenohypophysiotrop...
A model of pituitary desensitization - ...ntal procedure, and animal specie. However, GHRP-6 was found more efficient in primates than in rat, dog or farm animals. Walker et al. demonstrated t...
Fluctuations are organized into pulses - ... organized into discrete secretory pulses and long periods of secretory quiescence. Alterations in GH pulsatility are seen in a variety of physiologic...
Hormonal therapy in obesity - ...H secretion is enhanced during fasting, in obese individuals, spontaneous GH secretion is attenuated and the GH response to all tested stimuli (hypogl...
How to understand the limbic system - ...ational contexts. It more or less dictates the first cognitive reaction, and after loop-like activations sweeping through numbers of brain structures,...
Leukemia types and latest treatments - ...g of the scientific basis of leukemia. Thousands of genetic changes that are critical to leukemia development have been documented, and probably m...
DNA mutations and family cancer - ...hanced, like a weight lifter on steroids, whereas others cause its role to be lost entirely.
A critical breakthrough in our understanding of...
Latest "Medical" Articles
Page# 1 2 (last added articles shown first)
What parts is the back made of (07/27/2010)
(...) The lower cervical spine is convex-shaped. You can usually feel the prominent southernmost vertebra as it meets the shoulders. The neck has the greatest amount of range of motion of the spine. (...)
Exercise protects you from skin cancer and other skin problems (07/09/2010)
(...)
Stay in shape
Exercise is by far the best way to stay in shape. When you go on a crash diet or cut down your daily kilojoule (calorie) intake, your body doesn't realise that you want to lose weight; instead it mistakes your attempt to lose weight for a shortage of food, and it slows down your metabolism so as not to starve.
How much exercise do I need?
Although almost everyone knows how important exercise is for a healthy life, most of us just aren't getting the amount of exercise we need. (...)
Public health education must involve advice on preventing skin cancer (06/13/2010)
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Screening for melanoma
The much higher incidence of melanoma in Australia has led to educational strategies to increase public awareness of risk, primary prevention measures to reduce risk, earlier recognition of abnormal signs in skin lesions, and thus earlier diagnosis.
The relative rarity of melanoma outside Australia means that population screening is not cost-effective. However, preliminary studies suggest that selective screening by using practitioner- or patientadministered skin cancer risk scores can identify a cohort of patients at higher risk. (...)
Epidemiology and risk factors for skin cancer (06/12/2010)
(...) It has been proposed that this increasing trend may be an epiphenomenon attributed to earlier detection, better surveillance and changes in diagnostic criteria. However, available evidence suggests much of the rising incidence is real.
Mortality rates have also significantly risen over the last 25 years, but at a much slower pace as tumours less than 1 mm in Breslow thickness have a good prognosis. (...)
Risk factors for the most common form of skin cancer (06/12/2010)
(...) BCC mainly affects individuals who have a tendency to sunburn, such as those with fair skin and light eye colour. The exact relationship between sun exposure and the development of BCC is unclear, and certainly more complex than for SCC. For example, relatively sun-protected areas such as behind the ear are affected disproportionately more than heavily sun-exposed areas such as the helix of the ear. (...)
If a man stops loving you because of your breast cancer (02/22/2010)
(...) The mastectomy just further entrenched the possibility that I may be single for the rest of my life. This offers a possibility that another relationship could develop out of friendship, even if attraction is not the catalyst. There are good men out there . (...)
Breast cancer survivors body image issues (02/22/2010)
(...) However, I decided there would be no more sex until I was married again. Since I also have problems with intimacy (with anyone) at times, that hasn't happened. Sometimes I really miss that. (...)
Psichological issues for breast cancer survivors (02/22/2010)
(...) This was not my idea of fun sex, but I couldn't help it. We have been together for 24 years and have grown closer and worked through the emotions, but intimacy seems to bring all of the fears to the surface for me.
BandMom46
I am 44 and was very active sexually with my husband before breast cancer 3 years ago. (...)
Under forty breast cancer survivors stories (02/22/2010)
(...) I had a great recon as well tram f lap both sides, but he knows that they don't feel the same for me anymore and he doesn't enjoy them like he used to. It's funny that I can't enjoy the sun like I used to (skin breast cancer), can't enjoy sex like I used to (no drive/pain/dryness). So I look like a cut-up, pale, wrinkled ole plump woman that even in my dreams and this is true a guy refused to rape me because I looked so hideous. (...)
Dating issues after breast cancer surgery (02/22/2010)
(...) I would love to find myself in a relationship someday soon but I've been so tied up with my breast cancer thing (smile) and trying to keep myself in a good peaceful frame of mind that I guess I haven't been thinking about it much. I think more men should join these types of forums so that they can be more in tune to what women are really thinking and feeling. Do you think that would help them understand us more?
river
I was wondering if anyone else had the problem of when to tell a guy that you are a breast cancer survivor?? I used to tell them right away to get it out of the way since it was always on my mind anyway. (...)
Why cancer develops possible answers and explanations (02/21/2010)
(...) Each factor exerted a certain pressure on the cells of the body that led to that cancer. Some cancers are caused by one strong factor that exerts tremendous force, like a knockout blow to a prizefighter. Others are caused by many factors that each exerts only minor force, like hitting a prizefighter with a hundred little jabs before finally knocking him out. (...)
DNA mutations and family cancer (02/21/2010)
(...) The study of oncogenes exploded after their findings, which were rewarded with the Nobel Prize. In contrast to normal genes, oncogenes spawn proteins that are supercharged at promoting growth, spread, and survival, cancer’s three essential properties. These overactive molecules are being targeted and quieted by new cancer-fighting drugs. (...)
Environment and lifestyle may lead to cancer (02/21/2010)
(...)
Although each cancer risk factor deserves its own discussion, here I focus on how diet and tobacco contribute to the formation of cancer. Following this, I describe the types of studies under way aiming to explain why the same environmental factors lead to cancer in some individuals but not in others. My goal is to clarify a few popular concepts and discuss the newest information rather than to list how diet is thought to influence each specific cancer. (...)
A healthy diet reduces the risk for cancer (02/21/2010)
(...) Third, lifestyle factors other than those under study, such as exercise and changes in weight, may affect the results. For these and other reasons, we often hear conflicting reports in the news about the role of certain foods in preventing cancer. Some research is done well, some poorly; no matter, the news reports it all! No wonder people can become exasperated and lose faith in scientists to provide definite answers to important questions about nutrition and cancer. (...)
Explaining why some people get cancer and others do not (02/21/2010)
(...) In one person the gene will function at normal levels, whereas in someone with the variation, it may be over- or underactive in its duties in the cell. Cancer researchers are studying which gene SNPs influence the development of cancer.
They are focusing on those that help the body rid itself of environmental toxins, process vitamins such as folic acid (essential for healthy DNA), or repair damaged DNA (gatekeeper and caretaker genes). (...)
Cancer treatments and cancer development (02/21/2010)
(...) She asks, Why do I need six cycles of chemo if the cancer is already gone?
A forty-three-year-old woman with metastatic thyroid cancer involving her lungs is referred to another cancer center for a promising experimental treatment. She returns after a year and informs me that she never received any other treatments despite multiple consultations. I immediately order CT scans, which show that the cancer is no longer present. (...)
Get in shape and survive cancer (02/21/2010)
(...) This propensity of cancer cells to adapt, just like living species in nature, has been termed clonal evolution. Clonal evolution enhances a cancer’s range of abilities and explains a great deal about its behavior. For example, when a cancer returns after being declared in complete remission, it is because a few cells were different enough to stay alive after a treatment killed nearly all the other cells; this difference could have been present from the start of treatment or it could have developed as a response to it. (...)
Lifelines of cancer and modern chemotherapy (02/21/2010)
(...) Embedded within the lipid shield are tiny proteins called receptors that often span its width. Many millions of receptors on the cell surface function like antennae, picking up signals from the surrounding environment and transmitting them to the inner world of the cell on the other side of the lipid layer. Each type of receptor can be stimulated by only one or a few molecules, much as a lock can be opened by only one key. (...)
Chemotherapy myths and facts explained (02/21/2010)
(...) Advances in new medicines that prevent nausea and vomiting have dramatically improved the tolerability of chemotherapy. As a result, the chemotherapy session is often anticlimactic, even uneventful. Once at home, nausea may or may not occur. (...)
Cancer types and cancer sites in men and women (02/20/2010)
(...) Because every organ and gland in our body is made up of a variety of cell types, several kinds of cancer can occur in any region. For most sites in the body, one type of cell is usually affected, resulting in the common types of cancer that are most often talked about. For example, breast cancer arises from the cells of the breast glands and is more specifically described in a pathology report as breast carcinoma. (...)
Blood cancers and bone marrow stem cells (02/20/2010)
(...) For example, leukemia and myeloma affect the bone marrow (throughout the body), and lymphomas often affect different lymph node regions in the body. Because of this, they nearly always require treatments that travel throughout the body-namely, drug therapies.
Surgery plays a minor role in managing blood and lymph cancers. (...)
Leukemia types and latest treatments (02/20/2010)
(...) Acute leukemias (AML and ALL) usually need to be treated soon after diagnosis, whereas chronic leukemias usually do not need urgent treatment because they grow more slowly, often do not cause symptoms, and may remain stable without therapy for months or, in the case of CLL, several years. Leukemia can be treated with chemotherapy, more specific targeted therapies, stem cell transplantation, or a combination of these approaches. Space limitations prevent a discussion of each type, so I focus here on CML, a disease that has become the model for the future treatment of all cancers, and on CLL, the most common type of leukemia. (...)
Multiple Myeloma advanced treatments extend lives (02/20/2010)
(...) Every person’s blood contains a large variety of antibodies, each directed at a specific target.
Just as any cancer arises from one aberrant cell, myeloma is caused by one plasma cell that acquires the necessary genetic mutations to become a cancer. This one cell multiplies to form many more plasma cells. (...)
Five elements go into determining the behavior and survivability of a cancer (02/18/2010)
(...) In addition, innovative combinations of new drugs with older ones are being introduced yearly, with each new combination extending life even further.
For these reasons, prognosis is not easy to predict accurately and often takes time to determine. The factors that oncologists use to try to estimate prognosis are discussed next. (...)
Understanding incurable cancers every patient is unique (02/18/2010)
(...) If cure is not a likely possibility, then you will need to discuss all of the above plus another crucial element: the goals of treatment. Is long-term disease control a realistic goal? Is short-term comfort and relief of suffering a more appropriate objective? Will a goal intermediate between these two be more achievable?
The type of cancer, stage of the cancer, medical condition of the patient, and the effectiveness of available treatments are critical determinants of a cancer's curability. Oncologists weigh these plus a number of other factors in estimating prognosis (these are discussed below, in the section titled The Five Elements of Prognosis"). (...)
It is important to make a proper diagnosis of cancer (02/18/2010)
(...) Her face was downcast but showed a mixture of physical discomfort and fear. Janet was helped onto the examination table by her husband, Dave, who stood erect and imposing, right beside her. She let him do most of the talking. (...)
Cancer and traditional versus nontraditional medicine (02/17/2010)
(...) The process is arduous, requiring a great deal of peer review from the medical and scientific community, for a treatment (whether it is a drug or a surgery or some other intervention) to be approved and accepted by medical doctors. The Food and Drug Administration, a government agency, plays a significant role in the approval of new medications. This thorough process does not mean that the treatment has no side effects or risks. (...)
Cancer treatment and physical healing (02/16/2010)
(...)
Betty Rollin was a young television correspondent when she had her first of two mastectomies. She wrote about her experiences: First, You Cry. More than two decades after her initial brush with cancer, she told readers, "When I wrote this twenty-five years ago . (...)
Simple concepts of after cancer healing (02/16/2010)
(...) Exercising regularly in a manner that builds strength and endurance
2. Eating a healthy diet that promotes healing
3. Obtaining proper rest during the day (by pacing yourself) and at night (by sleeping well)
Simple concepts
It is essential to have a clear understanding of what it really means to eat, exercise, and rest properly. (...)
After cancer physical recovery takes a lot of determination (02/16/2010)
(...) Is what we are doing helping the person recover? Second, setting goals helps to motivate patients; they understand more about how healing works and what reasonable expectations are. Third, insurance companies require that we set goals and document progress before they will pay for their client to continue with treatment.
Although rehabilitation specialists spend a lot of time thinking about physical healing and how goals can help someone to progress, you might not have considered the matter at all. (...)
Recover from cancer by prioritizing your daily activities (02/16/2010)
(...) People with arthritis in their knees or hips can't walk as far as they used to. Those with asthma or other respiratory problems are physically constrained by the amount of oxygen they are able to breathe. A person with chronic back pain may have difficulty sitting or standing for long periods of time. (...)
How to understand the limbic system (01/15/2010)
(...) The loop projects from the limbic cortex, i.e. the orbitofrontal and the cingulate cortex, to the ventral striatum, from there to the ventral pallidum, and finally, being relayed by thalamic nucleus mediodorsalis, back to the limbic cortex. (...)
The three functional levels of human cognition (01/15/2010)
(...) The most part, though, of a-priori knowledge about motivational contexts which are the drivers for this chain of functions does not become conscious. A study identified four levels of a-priori knowledge in the human brain which become involved for decision-making in any work situation:
• level of innate nature: This level is the very basic one which can hardly be affected by any experiences or education. The pertinent a-priori knowledge may settle personality traits like patience, endurance, openness to experience etc. (...)
A few essential concepts about human cognition (01/12/2010)
(...) It should not be overlooked here that there is also other use of the notion of cognition in recent literature like in the context of distributed cognition and joint cognitive systems. These publications take cognition in a broader sense. They emphasise that cognition is not solely located in a single human operator's mind when operating in a work process but that it is distributed over the work system components and environment, whether the pertinent objects are humanmade artefacts or other humans involved. (...)
How to understand the implementation principles of human cognition (01/12/2010)
(...) Therefore, the work system designer has to account for both the excellences of human cognition and the weaknesses as they exist here and now. Thus, let us move to more details about the features which are of interest for the work system designer. We know that the topic of human cognition is at least worth a study for itself, like those which are available. (...)
Distinctive brain areas and the cognitive functions (01/12/2010)
(...) Descending interconnections are much less in numbers, although important, too. Also the interconnections between functional assemblies within each hierarchy level of processing are of great importance for the process of perception. It is the posterior region of the occipital lobe where the primary visual cortex is located. (...)
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